Overview of the FoSOD
Re-conceptualizing Denial
Applications of the FoSOD

FoSOD Scales and Subscales
Refutation of the Offense
Denial of Extent
Denial of Intent
Assertion of Victim Desire
Denial of Planning
Denial of Risk of Relapse

Test Administration
Appropriate Populations
Requirements for Administration
Time Requirements
Test Materials
Interpreting Standardized Scores

Clinical Value of the FoSOD

Interpreting Standardized Scores

The scoring program converts raw scores into standardized values ranging from 25 to 100. This allows for ease of comparison between the different scale and subscale scores. Three descriptive categories are also provided for each scale and subscale score to more easily assess the respondent's level of denial based on established thresholds related to High, Medium, and Low levels of denial. In addition, the program provides a critical-item analysis. The analysis yields an organized summary of the subset of the offender's responses that show denial with respect to particular subscales or scales. This allows the examiner to quickly identify those aspects of denial most in need of therapeutic attention.

The interpretation of standardized subscale and scale scores are as follows:

25 - 49 indicates low denial in this area;
50 - 74 indicates moderate denial in this area;
75 - 100 indicates high denial in this area.

These standards are based on the interpretive value of the responses and do not represent norms based on comparative data with other groups. Comparative norms have not yet been established for the FoSOD, but will be made available when sufficient data have been obtained. Nevertheless, the value of norms are less crucial in this application because the FoSOD is not designed to measure how far an individual deviates from what has been deemed the "normal range" of denial associated with sexual offending. In this regard it does not make sense to establish a "normal range" of denial evidenced by sexual offenders. Instead the goal is to reduce denial to the lowest level possible, and provide an index of those domains in which an offender is avoiding personal responsibility for their abusive behavior.

Sample Scoring Results | Sample Critical Items List
Picture of the Scoring Program Data Entry Window


FoSOD Case Example

Next: Clinical Value of the FoSOD

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